Laser Crystal - An Overview
Laser Crystal - An Overview
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Seen good-state lasers depending on laser crystals are compact and light-weight. Lasers from deep pink to blue have already been documented. In particular, there have been loads of experiences on Pr3+ doped laser crystals, and continuous wave lasers around 490 nm are already reached. Ti∶sapphire is the principle get crystal for ultrafast lasers. Superintense ultrafast lasers with peak ability starting from quite a few hundred terawatts to 10 petawatts need superior-quality and enormous-sized Ti∶sapphire crystal. The origin of defect similar optical absorption in Ti∶sapphire and the growth of huge-sized substantial-excellent crystals are two significant concerns that urgently need to be tackled. Recently, we analyzed the mechanism of defect linked optical absorption in Ti∶sapphire theoretically, and grew huge-sized higher-quality crystals by way of warmth exchange strategy. The main activating ions for one μm laser crystals are Nd3+ and Yb3+. Nd∶YAG is the most widely used laser crystal. In recent years, we explored numerous new Nd3+ doped fluoride and oxide laser crystals, and solved the emission cross part trouble of Nd∶Lu3Al5O12. SIOM claimed a fresh type of laser crystal Yb∶GdScO3, of which the achieve bandwidth is about eighty five nm. The normally applied activation ions for two μm laser crystals are Tm3+ and Ho3+. Tm3+ is often instantly pumped by laser diode. Ho3+ has larger stimulated emission cross section, and its emission wavelength is lengthier than 2 μm. We studied The expansion, spectroscopy, and laser efficiency of Tm∶LiYF4, Tm∶LiLuF4, Ho∶LiYF4, Tm,Ho∶LiYF4, and Tm,Ho∶LiLuF4 crystals.
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为了使激光器有效运作，需要有效管理运行过程中产生的热量。具有良好热导率的激光晶体可以更有效地散热，防止热透镜效应或断裂。
Additionally, some adaptability is dropped in experiments if one are unable to Check out absorbers with unique thickness or doping concentration, for instance, without the need of exchanging the laser crystal by itself.
作为工业上使用较多的都是高掺钇铝石榴石，也就是说掺入不同的元素来达到不同的效果；作为工业激光，关注以下性能：
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活性离子在激光晶体内发生的能量跃迁对激光操作至关重要。大多数激光操作都是通过四能级系统原理进行的，确保连续操作并防止浪费的非辐射衰变。
g. a skinny disk. As Yet another instance, Q-switched lasers get to an increased population density within the higher laser stage and so are consequently more delicate to quenching consequences and Electrical power transfer procedures; as a result, a decreased doping density is usually suitable for these equipment. For top-electricity lasers, decreased doping densities in many cases are utilized to Restrict the density of warmth technology, Though thin-disk lasers function best with highly doped crystals. Many laser products never get to the entire functionality likely because these types of facts have not been correctly labored out.
Several laser crystal materials are actually demonstrated where some saturable absorber substance is incorporated for passive Q switching of the laser.
热膨胀和收缩系数对确定激光晶体的热透镜特性至关重要。最小化热透镜效应对于在广泛的操作温度范围内保持光束质量至关重要。
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主体材料中活性离子掺杂物的数量是关键因素。它影响了激光的效率和性能。过低的浓度可能导致低输出，过高的浓度可能导致消光效应，降低晶体的效率。
The medium should have a substantial transparency (very low absorption and scattering) in the wavelength regions of pump and laser radiation, and excellent Laser Crystal optical homogeneity. To some extent, this is dependent upon the caliber of the fabric, based on information with the fabrication system.
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人造红宝石激光晶体是首次实现激光输出的材料。可用焰熔法、提拉法或助熔剂法生产单晶。用提拉法容易获得大尺寸优质晶体。